Detailed TOC of Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Professional Survey by Types, Applications, and Players, with Regional Growth Rate Analysis and Development Situation, from 2023 to 2028
Table of Content1 Market Overview
1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Wafer Inspection Equipments
1.1.1 Market Coverage
1.1.2 Market Definition
1.2 Market Analysis by Type
1.3 Market Analysis by Application
1.4 Market Analysis by Region
1.4.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Size (Revenue) and CAGR (%) Comparison by Region (2018-2023)
1.4.2 United States Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.3 Europe Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.4 China Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.5 Japan Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.6 India Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.7 Southeast Asia Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.8 Latin America Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.4.9 Middle East and Africa Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Status and Prospect (2018-2023)
1.5 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Size and Forecast
1.5.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) (2018-2028)
1.5.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales (2018-2028)
1.5.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Average Price (2018-2028)
2 Players Profiles
2.1 Toray Engineering
2.1.1 Toray Engineering Company Profiles
2.1.2 Toray Engineering Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.1.3 Toray Engineering Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.1.4 Toray Engineering Recent Developments/Updates
2.2 Lam Research
2.2.1 Lam Research Company Profiles
2.2.2 Lam Research Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.2.3 Lam Research Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.2.4 Lam Research Recent Developments/Updates
2.3 JEOL, Ltd
2.3.1 JEOL, Ltd Company Profiles
2.3.2 JEOL, Ltd Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.3.3 JEOL, Ltd Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.3.4 JEOL, Ltd Recent Developments/Updates
2.4 Applied Materials
2.4.1 Applied Materials Company Profiles
2.4.2 Applied Materials Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.4.3 Applied Materials Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.4.4 Applied Materials Recent Developments/Updates
2.5 KLA-Tencor
2.5.1 KLA-Tencor Company Profiles
2.5.2 KLA-Tencor Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.5.3 KLA-Tencor Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.5.4 KLA-Tencor Recent Developments/Updates
2.6 Rudolph Technologies
2.6.1 Rudolph Technologies Company Profiles
2.6.2 Rudolph Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.6.3 Rudolph Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.6.4 Rudolph Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
2.7 Hermes Microvision
2.7.1 Hermes Microvision Company Profiles
2.7.2 Hermes Microvision Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.7.3 Hermes Microvision Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.7.4 Hermes Microvision Recent Developments/Updates
2.8 Tokyo Seimitsu
2.8.1 Tokyo Seimitsu Company Profiles
2.8.2 Tokyo Seimitsu Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.8.3 Tokyo Seimitsu Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.8.4 Tokyo Seimitsu Recent Developments/Updates
2.9 Hitachi High-Technologies
2.9.1 Hitachi High-Technologies Company Profiles
2.9.2 Hitachi High-Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.9.3 Hitachi High-Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.9.4 Hitachi High-Technologies Recent Developments/Updates
2.10 ASML Holding
2.10.1 ASML Holding Company Profiles
2.10.2 ASML Holding Wafer Inspection Equipments Product and Services
2.10.3 ASML Holding Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin
2.10.4 ASML Holding Recent Developments/Updates
3 Competitive Environment: by Players
3.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Market Share of Key Players
3.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Market Share of Key Players
3.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Average Price by Players
3.4 Top 3 Wafer Inspection Equipments Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.5 Top 5 Wafer Inspection Equipments Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
3.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion
4 Industry Chain Analysis
4.1 Upstream Raw Material Suppliers of Wafer Inspection Equipments Analysis
4.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis
4.2.1 Production Process Analysis
4.2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure of Wafer Inspection Equipments
4.2.3 Raw Material Cost of Wafer Inspection Equipments
4.2.4 Labor Cost of Wafer Inspection Equipments
4.3 Wafer Inspection Equipments Industrial Chain Analysis
4.4 Major Distributors by Region
4.5 Customer Analysis
5 Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Dynamic and Trends, Marketing Strategy Analysis
5.1 Drivers
5.2 Restraints
5.3 Opportunities
5.4 Challenges
5.5 Industry Development Trends under Global Inflation
5.6 Impact of Russia and Ukraine War
5.7 Industry News and Policies by Regions
5.7.1 Wafer Inspection Equipments Industry News
5.7.2 Wafer Inspection Equipments Industry Policies
5.8 Porters Five Forces Analysis
5.8.1 Threat of New Entrants
5.8.2 Bargaining Power of Suppliers
5.8.3 Bargaining Power of Buyers
5.8.4 Threat of Substitutes
5.8.5 Competitive Rivalry
5.9 Marketing Channel
5.9.1 Direct Marketing
5.9.2 Indirect Marketing
5.9.3 Marketing Channel Development Trend
6 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Segment by Type (2018-2023)
6.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) by Type (2018-2023)
6.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales by Type (2018-2023)
6.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Price by Type (2018-2023)
6.4 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate by Type (2018-2023)
6.4.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
6.4.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
7 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Segment by Application (2018-2023)
7.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) by Application (2018-2023)
7.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales by Application (2018-2023)
7.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate by Application (2018-2023)
7.3.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sale, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Industrial (2018-2023)
7.3.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sale, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Automotive Products (2018-2023)
7.3.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sale, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Communication Devices (2018-2023)
7.3.4 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sale, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Consumer Electronic Equipments (2018-2023)
7.3.5 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sale, Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Others (2018-2023)
8 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Segment by Region (2018-2023)
8.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023)
8.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023)
8.3 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.4 United States Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.4.1 United States Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.5 Europe Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.5.1 Europe Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.6 China Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.6.1 China Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.7 Japan Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.7.1 Japan Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.8 India Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.8.1 India Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.9 Southeast Asia Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.9.1 Southeast Asia Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.10 Latin America Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.10.1 Latin America Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
8.11 Middle East and Africa Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
8.11.1 Middle East and Africa Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
9 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Forecast Segment by Type
9.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
9.1.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
9.1.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
9.1.3 Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
9.1.4 Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
10 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Forecast Segment by Application
10.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
10.1.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
10.1.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
10.1.3 Industrial Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
10.1.4 Automotive Products Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
10.1.5 Communication Devices Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
10.1.6 Consumer Electronic Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
10.1.7 Others Market Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast (2023-2028)
11 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Forecast Segment by Region
11.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
11.1.1 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
11.1.2 Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
11.2 North America Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.3 Europe Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.4 China Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.5 Japan Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.6 India Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.7 Southeast Asia Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.8 Latin America Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
11.9 Middle East and Africa Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast (2023-2028)
12 Appendix
12.1 Methodology
12.2 Research Data Source
12.2.1 Secondary Data
12.2.2 Primary Data
12.2.3 Market Size Estimation
12.2.4 Legal Disclaimer
List of Figures, Tables and Charts Available in Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Professional Survey by Types, Applications, and Players, with Regional Growth Rate Analysis and Development Situation, from 2023 to 2028
List of Tables and FiguresFigure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) (2018-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales (2018-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Average Price (2018-2028)
Table Toray Engineering Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Toray Engineering Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Toray Engineering Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Toray Engineering Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Lam Research Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Lam Research Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Lam Research Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Lam Research Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table JEOL, Ltd Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table JEOL, Ltd Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure JEOL, Ltd Sales and Growth Rate
Figure JEOL, Ltd Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Applied Materials Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Applied Materials Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Applied Materials Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Applied Materials Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table KLA-Tencor Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table KLA-Tencor Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure KLA-Tencor Sales and Growth Rate
Figure KLA-Tencor Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Rudolph Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Rudolph Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Rudolph Technologies Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Rudolph Technologies Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Hermes Microvision Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Hermes Microvision Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Hermes Microvision Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Hermes Microvision Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Tokyo Seimitsu Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Tokyo Seimitsu Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Tokyo Seimitsu Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Tokyo Seimitsu Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Hitachi High-Technologies Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table Hitachi High-Technologies Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure Hitachi High-Technologies Sales and Growth Rate
Figure Hitachi High-Technologies Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table ASML Holding Basic Information, Manufacturing Base
Table ASML Holding Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Price, Revenue ($), Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Figure ASML Holding Sales and Growth Rate
Figure ASML Holding Revenue ($) Market Share 2018-2023
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) of Key Players (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share of Key Players (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales of Key Players (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share of Key Players (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Average Price of Key Players (2018-2023)
Figure Top 3 Wafer Inspection Equipments Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
Figure Top 5 Wafer Inspection Equipments Manufacturer Market Share in 2022
Table Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans
Figure Production Process of Wafer Inspection Equipments
Figure Wafer Inspection Equipments Industrial Chain Analysis
Table Major Distributors of Wafer Inspection Equipments with Contact Information
Table Major Downstream Buyers of Wafer Inspection Equipments with Contact Information
Table Industry News by Regions
Table Industry Policies by Regions
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) by Type (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales by Type (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share by Type (2018-2023)
Table Wafer Inspection Equipments Price by Type (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) and Growth Rate of Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) by Application (2018-2023) (Million USD)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share by Application (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales by Application (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share by Application (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Industrial (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue and Growth Rate of Industrial (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Automotive Products (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue and Growth Rate of Automotive Products (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Communication Devices (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue and Growth Rate of Communication Devices (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Consumer Electronic Equipments (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue and Growth Rate of Consumer Electronic Equipments (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales and Growth Rate of Others (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue and Growth Rate of Others (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Region Wise (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Market Share, Region Wise in 2022
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($), Region Wise (2018-2023)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Market Share, Region Wise (2018-2023)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Market Share, Region Wise in 2022
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table United States Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table United States Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Europe Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table Europe Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table China Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table China Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Japan Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table Japan Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table India Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table India Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Southeast Asia Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table Southeast Asia Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Latin America Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table Latin America Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Middle East and Africa Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales, Revenue ($), Price and Gross Margin (2018-2023)
Table Middle East and Africa Wafer Inspection Equipments SWOT Analysis
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Type (2023-2028) (Million USD)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share Forecast by Type (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Patterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Unpatterned Wafer Inspection Equipment (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share Forecast by Application (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Industrial (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Industrial (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Automotive Products (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Automotive Products (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Communication Devices (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Communication Devices (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Consumer Electronic Equipments (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Consumer Electronic Equipments (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Revenue ($) and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2023-2028)
Figure Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Market Sales and Growth Rate Forecast of Others (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Sales Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Forecast by Region (2023-2028)
Table Global Wafer Inspection Equipments Revenue ($) Share Forecast by Region (2023-2028)